The entire Borobudur temple exemplifies the deep teachings of Buddhist philosophy. It develops the concepts of Kamadhatu, Rupa Dhatu and Arupa Dhatu taught in Mahayana Buddhism which were prevalent at that time. The lust for the worldly things of lustful people is clearly marked in the stone statues on the ground floor. The pain caused by excessive cravings is shown in the sculptures here. Hundreds of stone carvings are displayed on the stone walls, evolving various examples.
The island of Central Java in Indonesia is home to many of the world's oldest historical and cultural heritages. The historic Poombanan Hindu Devalaya, the Tendum Temple, the Lumbun Temple, the Pendam Temple and the ancient Borobudur Maha Viharaya are some of the important ones. It is more than an hour by bus from Jojakarta. After a journey of about 40 km you can reach the Magellan area where we can reach the Borobudur Buddhist Temple Complex which is the largest stone building in the world.
Central Java, with its Buddhist and Hindu influences, belonged to the kingdom of Mataram about 1,200 years ago. At that time, the kings of the Shailendra dynasty ruled from AD. 824 This temple was built on May 26 in the village of Boro. Bodur or Vihara or Bihar is a combination of the words Borobudur. It is now the most popular name in the world. Consisting of ten layers or shrinking from bottom to top, this temple is considered to be the largest of all the ancient Buddhist temples in the world, such as Anchorage in Cambodia, Swedagon and Bagan in Myanmar, Ruwanweli Seya in Sri Lanka, Jethavanaramaya and Abhayagiri. Its height was 42 meters before the renovation and it is reported to have decreased by 34.5 meters after the renovation. It is made up of 55,000 square meters of lava rock and consists of six rectangular layers and three curved layers on top of a high mountain called Kedu. Also, the whole temple looks like a lotus flower which is very sacred to the Buddhists.
The entire Borobudur temple exemplifies the deep teachings of Buddhist philosophy. It develops the concepts of Kamadhatu, Rupa Dhatu and Arupa Dhatu taught in Mahayana Buddhism which were prevalent at that time. The desire for worldly things of lustful people is clearly indicated in the stone statues downstairs. The pain caused by excessive cravings is shown in the sculptures here. Hundreds of stone carvings are displayed on the stone walls, evolving various examples. Idolatry shows that lust is eliminated, but re-emerging desires are completely subdued. There are many Buddha statues here that are said to be found in an open environment and they are said to help prevent the amount of desires that arise. Arupa relics are displayed in the upper three floors. Through the intangible relics, man can achieve creation without lust and desire. This is exemplified by the Buddha statues on the upper floors.
The stone carvings on the walls of this temple depict the stories of the ancient Sanskrit text Ramayana and various events in the Indonesian society at that time. The life of an agrarian farmer and the sea voyage by boat also evolve from the stone carvings at various times here. Although the Ramayana is of Indian origin, it has had a profound effect on the culture and dance of the Indonesian islands of Bali and Java. The stone carvings on the various floors are designed to teach Buddhist thought. It is a popular belief that a person who has studied the entire Borobudur Temple properly will easily understand Buddhism. It must be said that this was the expectation of the kings of Shailadhara at that time. According to pilgrimage reports, Buddhist devotees and monks from India and China regularly visited the temple.
There are 92 meditation Buddha statues in the largest Buddhist temple in the world. There are also 1400 stone carvings showing various meanings. The following 160 stone carvings illustrate the cause and effect theory. Inside the small stupa are statues of meditative Buddha statues or Vajira animal statues. The hand seals on these statues point in five different directions. That is, North, South, West, East, and Central. At the center is the greatness embodied in Buddhist teachings. There are many seals on the Buddha statues in this place of worship in present day Indonesia. These are the land touch seals, the time seals, the meditation seals, the Vitharka seals and the Dharma Chakra seals. The heads of many Buddha statues depicting these seals have been destroyed by treasure hunters, religious extremists and artisans.
The Indonesian people have only been able to see this great stupa complex for about 150 years. Scholars have now resolved the cause of this disappearance. Borobudur Temple is located in the middle of two volcanic eruptions in Indonesia. It is said that the temple was covered with volcanic lava due to the eruption of the Mirababu Merapi and Sundorosatbeen mountains. It suddenly disappeared into the gray soil. It is also believed that the dagoba was uprooted by an earthquake. It is said that there was a pond in the shape of a lotus flower at this place and it was later destroyed. Especially revered in Mahayana Buddhism archaeological sources state that due to the Saddharma Pundarika Sutta, the form of a lotus pond was present here and the entire temple was in the form of a lotus flower. However, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes continue to wreak havoc on the islands of Java and Sumatra. There are many scholars who believe that it happened because of such a natural disaster.
AD In 1814, Sir Thomas Ruffle, a British man who was governor of Java, and a group of 200 explorers climbed Mount Keha and spent six weeks clearing the village of Pucha Boro. Here they were able to clear thousands of tons of lava-laden layers of ash from the wind and build a Buddhist temple called Badur Budur. Explorations here were able to build new perspectives on architecture, Buddhism and Buddhist sculpture and dagoba design throughout Asia and Europe. At this place, Goddess Mahamaya travels in a chariot to visit her parents and Prince Siddhartha's entry into the life of Thavus can still be seen in the stone carvings carved in the following series. They are valuable works of art.
The site has been well maintained since the Indonesian and UNESCO reforms of 1975-1982. Although the site has been attacked several times by Muslim extremists in 1985 and 1991, most foreign tourists visiting Indonesia come to see this marvelous creation first hand. It is a World Cultural Heritage Site. The Dutch government is providing assistance to strengthen their former Batavia relationship. The Netherlands maintained Indonesia as a colony. For nearly a thousand years, the site has been out of sight of the public due to earthquakes and volcanic lava eruptions and its covering with lava ash. Another theory is that the kingdom was submerged by earthquakes in the area. After that, they left all this and moved to East Java. However, all of this reminds us that everything in the world is impermanent.In 2006, an earthquake shook the nearby city of Jojakarta. It also devastated the area. But today we are fortunate to see Borobudur free from lava ash soils.
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